How social workers address palliative care

Social workers help people with a life-limiting condition and their families by assisting with practical difficulties around social, financial and legal matters and by providing supportive counselling to assist adjustment to grief and loss.

Scope of practice

Social workers support people to make change in their life to improve their personal and social wellbeing. They have knowledge of human behaviour and development, life cycle stages, families and social networks, disability and health, including mental health. Social workers may counsel people or be involved in advocacy, community engagement and social action to address issues at both the personal and social level. [1,2]

The Scope of Social Work Practice is available on the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) website.

Social workers may have roles of advanced or extended scope of practice which reflect a level of expertise within or beyond the established contemporary scope of practice. [3]

Petra van Vliet talks about her role as a family support worker in palliative care

Role in palliative care

Palliative care provides a support system for people living with a life-limiting condition to live as actively as possible, with dignity, for as long as possible. It is active and supportive care that seeks to maximise quality of life. [4] It is useful well before death and not limited to care of the dying. [5]

In helping people with palliative care needs, a social worker [5-8]:

  • is led by the person’s situation and their sense of what is important to them to co-create realistic goals and expectations in the face of decline and impeding death within the context of a therapeutic relationship
  • enables the person to make decisions and exercise choice in their care and decision-making around this
  • strengthens people in managing the emotional, psychological and social consequences of what is happening to them
  • helps friends, families and partners to feel involved in care and decision-making as appropriate
  • enables people to make the best possible use of relevant and available community resources that will help them
  • connects the person, family or carers with financial support services to assist with management of financial issues
  • can help the person to identify others who are important to them and highlight relationship issues
  • can empower the person and those close to them to work towards completion of any unfinished business and say their goodbyes
  • along with the pastoral carer, may help to address spiritual pain by recognising concerns, providing comfort and helping to relieve isolation
  • provides the person with information and support during advance care planning
  • may help the person address issues of sexuality or sexual health and resolve sexual problems
  • may advocate for the person’s wishes to the palliative care or healthcare team
  • liaises within the care team to promote best outcomes
  • can provide grief counselling of pre-bereaved or bereaved family members including those experiencing complex bereavement
  • can assist with accommodation or placement such as residential aged care, respite care and supported accommodation.

Social workers may work in palliative care as only part of their role or have a palliative care caseload with a specialist role. This may be a member of a multidisciplinary team or a sole practitioner.

The National Association of Social Work in the US has identified Standards for Social Work Practice in Palliative and End of Life Care (120kb pdf).

Association of Palliative Care Social Workers - UK (APCSW) and The British Association of Social Workers (BASW) has published The role of social workers in palliative, end of life and bereavement care (8.13MB pdf) (2016)

British Association of Social Workers has published BASW Position Statement – Social Work Support to people who are dying (116kb pdf) (2016)

The RACGP aged care clinical guide (Silver Book 2019) recognises the role of allied health professionals in team care arrangements for a proactive person-centred approach to palliative care. [9] Palliative Care Australia also recognises the importance of access to information and support from a diverse range of allied health services for patients, families and carers. [10]

The role of allied health in palliative care is to provide the person with as much therapy time as possible. The goal of allied health in palliative care is around maintaining and improving functional ability. There may be a blurring of roles across allied health professions in palliative care more than in other care contexts.

Allied Health workers provide care in all practice settings. For further information on the specific area of practice go to Practice Settings.


Practice support

Useful evidence-based information and resources on rehabilitative palliative care are available from Hospice UK.

Using Evidence

Although social workers are familiar with evidence and evidence-based practice through their training and continuing professional development (CPD), keeping up to date can be time-consuming.

CareSearch provides the tools to help find and use evidence. This includes PubMed searches on a multitude of topics and sections dedicated to Searching for Evidence and Using Evidence in Practice.

For support in applying evidence in practice, check out the Journal Club Basics page on CareSearch which provides information on the benefits of and practical pointers in setting up or joining a journal club.

The International Centre for Allied Health Evidence at University of South Australia has a number of resources to support translation of evidence into practice.

Guidelines

The AASW Practice Standards 2013 outline the practice expectations of all social workers. They are designed to guide social workers to ensure they fulfil their professional practice responsibilities.

Guidelines specific to social work and palliative care in Australia have not been published, however, the Palliative Care Service Development Guidelines 2018 (332kb pdf) provides an overview of social work (as part of allied health) in palliative care. [10]

Resources for Patients, Carers and Families

Social Workers have an important role in supporting patients, carers and their families with information. The CareSearch Resources for Patients, Carers & Families provides links to useful information including fact sheets and printable resources Social Workers can download and share.


Education

The National Palliative Care Strategy 2018 lists as a priority the ability of medical, nursing and allied health graduates to identify and address people’s palliative care needs (Priority 2.1, p15). [11] This is also highlighted for the acute sector in the Guiding Principles of the National Consensus Statement: essential elements for safe and high-quality end-of-life care which also recognises the importance of the role of an interdisciplinary team. [12]

Courses

CareSearch lists a collection of Palliative Care eLearning resources for allied health for independent learning.

  1. Allied Health Professions Australia (AHPA). Social work [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Nov 7].
  2. Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW). What is social work? [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Nov 7].
  3. Government of South Australia, SA Health. Allied Health Practice Profiles: Social Work (396kb pdf). Adelaide: SA Health; 2017.
  4. Pautex S. Rehabilitation for Palliative Care and End-of-Life Management. In: Masiero S, Carraro U, editors. Rehabilitation Medicine for Elderly Patients. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2018.
  5. The contribution to palliative care of allied health professions. In: Watson MS, Ward S, Vallath N, Wells J, Campbell R, editors. Oxford Handbook of Palliative Care. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2019.
  6. Altilio T, Laing N. Social work in palliative care. In: Cherny N, Fallon M, Kaasa S, Portenoy RK, Currow DC, editors. Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015.
  7. Wang CW, Chan CLW, Chow AYM. Social workers' involvement in advance care planning: a systematic narrative review. MC Palliat Care. 2017 Jul 10;17(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12904-017-0218-8.
  8. Bennett MR. PLISSIT Interventions and Sexual Functioning: Useful Tools for Social Work in Palliative Care? J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care. 2019 Oct-Dec;15(4):157-174. doi: 10.1080/15524256.2019.1665156. Epub 2019 Sep 16.
  9. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP). RACGP aged care clinical guide (Silver Book). RACGP; 2019.
  10. Palliative Care Australia (PCA). Palliative Care Service Development Guidelines. Canberra: PCA; 2018 Jan.
  11. Australian Government Department of Health. National Palliative Care Strategy 2018. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health; 2019 Feb 22.
  12. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC). National Consensus Statement: essential elements for safe and high‑quality end-of-life care. Sydney: ACSQHC, 2015.

Last updated 03 September 2021